Heaven forbid you should need a doctor on your Italian vacation, but in case you do, you’re in good hands and you probably won’t break the bank either. Italy has a national healthcare system, called the Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN). It’s been around since 1978 when it replaced the state insurance system that had been instated after World War II. The SSN covers all residents in Italy, as well as University students and retirees from other EU member states. It also provides emergency care to foreign visitors, regardless of their country of origin. So, if you DO experience a medical emergency, feel free to take the ambulance and GO TO THE HOSPITAL. Unlike in the US, a hefty bill will not arrive later on.
That being said, a travel insurance policy that covers theft, loss and medical problems is a good idea if you have a pre-existing health condition that may require care abroad, or if you are just a little nervous about going abroad in general.
Healthcare is generally readily available across all of Italy, but standards vary significantly as the SSN is managed by regional rather than a state-wide government. As with most development and infrastructure, hospitals tend to improve the further north you are and deteriorate further south.
If you have a mild medical issue, such as a headache or cold and need something that in the US would be sold over the counter, look for a big green cross and head into a pharmacy. Most drugs and supplements in Italy are only sold in pharmacies, not supermarkets, and you will have to speak to a pharmacist to get what you need. In heavy tourist areas, pharmacists tend to speak if not perfect at least some English, and they are a great resource for helping you get what you need. The drugs in Italy are branded differently, so you will need to explain your symptoms, and the pharmacist can determine what it is you are looking for.
The number for an ambulance is 118 and the emergency room is the pronto soccorso.
Visit the United States’ embassy in Italy’s website for more information about English speaking doctors.